![]() ![]() While research in past decades has identified candidate metabolites contributing to diseases, metabolomics, in particular, offers an unprecedented opportunity to enhance an epidemiologist’s traditional toolbox as metabolites are the final products of the genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics cascade and provide a chemical “snapshot” of an organism’s entire metabolic state at any given time.Ī wide variety of biological specimens (urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, etc.) may be utilized for metabolomics analysis. Given the technological advancements in high-throughput -omics, epidemiology is now in a more powerful position to be able to uncover biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of different diseases. Blood is one of the most banked samples and thus mining and comparing samples between studies requires understanding how the metabolite signature is affected by the different media and different tube types.Ĭlassical epidemiological studies seek to identify risk factors to determine the presence or absence of disease and health in a population. ![]() These metabolite differences in ACD and citrate plasma were largely due to significant interfering peaks from the anticoagulants themselves. In contrast, metabolite measurements from ACD and citrate plasma differed significantly for approximately half of the metabolites assessed. Most of these metabolite differences were due to higher levels of amino acids in serum compared to heparin plasma, EDTA plasma, and fluoride plasma. The heparin plasma tubes performed the closest to serum, with only three metabolites showing significant differences, followed by EDTA which significantly differed for five metabolites, and fluoride tubes which differed in eleven of the fifty metabolites. We identified and quantified 50 metabolites present in all samples utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. In the present study, we investigated whether the metabolic profile of blood collected as serum differed from samples collected as ACD plasma, citrate plasma, EDTA plasma, fluoride plasma, or heparin plasma. However, the impact of the blood collection tube matrix of samples collected needs to be carefully considered to obtain meaningful biological interpretations and understand how the metabolite signatures are affected by different tube types. With advancements in high throughput -omics technology, such as metabolomics, epidemiology can now delve more deeply and comprehensively into biological mechanisms involved in the etiology of diseases.
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